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The paper examined the importance of ratio analysis to corporate entities by showing its contributions in the performance of companies. The effectiveness of ratio analysis was also examined. Secondary data were used for the analysis. The data were extracted from the financial statements of Zenith Bank Plc within the range of twelve (12) years (2000 -2011). The following ratios were calculated for the company and were used for the analysis: Total Debt Ratio, Return on Equity Ratio, Cash Ratio, Earnings per Share ratio and Dividend per share ratio. Simple percentage increments were also estimated on each of the indices mentioned in a tabulated form. It was found out that the use of ratio analysis by the firm has really assisted it in making meaningful comparison and taking appropriate decisions for improvement. Hence ratio analysis has served as a veritable tool for measuring the company’s performance.

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The twin processes of creativity and innovation have been shown to be of utmost importance to the success and sustainability of an organisation. Several researchers have pointed to the role of organisational culture in engendering innovation. This article is a review of the literature on the relationship between organisational culture and creativity/innovation. It attempts to answer some pertinent questions such as: How does one differentiate between creativity and innovation in organisations? Does the culture of an organisation play a role in creativity and innovation? What are some important dimensions of culture? How can a supportive culture be built? In addition, implications for Human Resource Management (HRM) are drawn out and discussed.

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This paper discusses the notion of non-violence and the essential values for which it stands. The importance of non-violence has been time and again asserted by great religious leaders, philosophers and thinkers. The paper tries to highlight the need of non-violence in the present world scenario. It further explores the meaning of globalization given by great socialist thinkers and tries to establish its significance in today’s world. Globalization has proved to be a boon for a countries development showing its important impact in the field of education, science and technology, medicine, communication etc.; turning the entire world into a global village. The paper tries to establish the fact that following and believing in the values of non-violence and its principles were earlier considered necessary for the world’s prosperity and survival but today with the coming of globalization, nonviolence has become even more indispensable. Showing this integral relationship between nonviolence and globalization is the ultimate aim of the paper.

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In 20th century excessive technological growth created an unhealthy environment. The human environment endows every individual with a conducive atmosphere for life and growth. Most of our problems have roots in the destruction of environment. This destruction is the result of development pattern. In the name of development projects, the government is allowing clearance of forests and massacre of wild life. We have to resist this destruction in the guise of development.

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The theme: STUDY HABIT is one of the important subject matter in the educational psychology. The etymological meaning of the words habit and study are to be explained. The word Habit means an action or pattern of behavior that is repeated so often that it becomes typical of somebody and the word study means to apply one's mind purposefully to the acquisition of knowledge or understanding. A good habit formation of regular and systematic study is very significant for achieving colorful results in examination or to be successful in one`s professional life. There are various components and factors which help one to develop a good study habit. In order to attain good study habit one must be goal oriented and motivated. Therefore Motivation to achieve one`s goal plays a significant role in forming a good study habit. A good study habit differs from person to person and beginners to advanced students. A greater concentration and motivation to achieve the goal are the distinguishing qualities found in advanced students. In order to keep oneself update he has to have an ongoing habit to study and learning. A good study habit is not only to achieve a good job, but also for the whole life.

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This research paper highlights the main factors that come under economics of education; in the field of education, there have been application of economic principles, laws, rules, concepts, strategies and policies. The main areas that have been emphasized upon are meaning and scope of economics of education, validity for the study of economics of education, the role of the economic system in financing of education and absorbing the educated manpower, education as an industry, educational policy, functions of education ministries, and types of educational costs. Mainly economics of education is concerned with the investment in the field of education, costs involved in all areas related to an individual’s education such as books, stationary, uniforms, transportation and so forth. It is vital to understand this area as education as become an imperative requirement for all the individuals, therefore, it is essential to become aware of the above stated concepts in the economics of education.

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Besides educational, economical, financial and social development of an individual, it is essential to bring about holistic social development as well; in order to bring about holistic social development of an individual, it is vital to understand certain approaches and strategies. In this research manuscript, there have been certain areas that identify the significance of holistic social development and these have been sustainability, some basic principles for a holistic approach to sustainable development, usage of technology, technology leads to development of the students, promoting science and culture for development, holistic approaches to early child development, and holistic development strategies. In order to bring about holistic social development of an individual, there have been number of aspects that play a crucial role such as ones family, community, educational institutions, learning, technology, science, culture and development of the ways of effective communications. In India, in rural areas, most of the individuals are still living in deprived, socio-economic backward sections of the society, they are poverty stricken, they lack the opportunities to go to school to acquire even basic literacy skills which are essential for them to develop and they do not have access to proper employment opportunities; these factors have been regarded to be the main impediments during the course of holistic social development. When individuals do not have access to a social network, when they are residing in seclusion and when they have not developed within themselves effective communication skills then they would encounter obstacles during the course of their holistic social development. You replica watches can buy US 2023 breitling replica watches online. Fast shipping. Quality guarantee.
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Education is main factor for growth of socioeconomic status. Person, family and society depend upon women for their growth and development. Our Indian tradition have given credits to women for the above mentioned as evidence in Manusmriti (yatra naryastu pujyante ramante tatra devta). Socioeconomic status (SES) is defined as a measure of one's combined economic and social status and tends to be positively associated with working women. This entry focuses on the three common measures of socioeconomic status; education, income, and occupation. I include definitions, theoretical background, and empirical support for each of these SES indicators and their relationship with occupation. This study helps to indicate the significant difference in socio economic status of working & non working women. replica uhren

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The purpose of this paper is to propose that the notion of the conceptual metaphor, as defined in the theoretical framework of embodied learning, can have a role in the construction of children’s arithmetic and, in particular, in their invention of calculation strategies. In doing so it acknowledges the role of the sensory perceptual world in the development of children’s arithmetic. A Piagetian framework makes a distinction between an embodied world of learning and the operational world of arithmetic. The two theoretical frameworks are compared in relation to children’s realisation of the equality of commuted pairs in addition. The proposal is that the conceptual metaphor can be seen as an additional cognitive tool to explore children’s analogous reasoning in abstractions from the results of operations. The potential of the conceptual metaphor in this role would be to provide a theoretical framework to explore children’s development of arithmetic in terms of their everyday, perceptual experiences. In doing so it supports the notion of analogy as a key part in the creative process of arithmetic.

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The author takes the position that mathematical education must redefine its goals so as to create a citizenry with sufficient knowledge to provide social backpressure on future mathematizations. This can be accomplished by increasing the part of mathematical education that is devoted to the description and interpretation of the processes of mathematization and by allowing the technicalities of the formal operations within mathematics itself to be deemphasized or automated out by computer.

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In this discussion document we put forward some tentative answers to the question of what is the difference between literacy learning and learning in subject English and examine the possibility that there are differences which may have implications for different levels of the curriculum, and other curriculum areas. Debates about the relationship between English and literacy have been common in countries where English is an official language, such as Australia, England, Singapore and Canada, for the last two decades. While concerns were expressed about the roles of literacy and subject English in the early and mid 1990s in Abroad it was not until the late 1990s, they came into sharp focus. The concerns were largely as a result of international assessment data that show wide disparities of outcomes for specific groups of students, in particular Maori and Pacifica students. As a result, literacy has become a crucial education goal and higher student achievement is a key policy priority for the Government.

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Shashi Deshpande’s ‘That Long Silence’ (1988) is an expression of the silence of modern Indian housewife. Her protagonist, Jaya, is a modern, educated young woman who is crushed under the weight of a male dominated and tradition bound society. The present paper endeavors to analyze the transition from tradition to modernity in Shashi Deshpande’s novel ‘That Long Silence’ through female character Jaya, the writer portrays the image of modern women who faces void and feels vacuum in her life. It shows that how Jaya tries to go against the social conventions and traditions. Like Rama Mehta, Shashi Deshpande wants to crave a female space by challenging the age old order the myriad bondage of tradition imposed on women by male dominated society. The writer seems to believe that society compel women to assume the status of the other. But Jaya emerged as a round character that developed in the due course of time. It is the same Jaya who longed for disaster in the beginning but awakened herself so much that during crisis. She decided to be hopeful and start new life.

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The present study was an attempt to investigate the significant mean difference between the attitude and interest of cricket players which are participating at different age levels. The sample of 320 Cricket Players (160 of Urban area and 160 of Rural area) selected from different districts of Haryana , with age ranges between 16 to 24 years. They were administered with Sonstroem Physical Estimation and Athletic Scale (PEAS) modified version according to Indian condition as used by Mohan Rao, Jetly Ram at Gwalior (1989). To see the significant mean difference, t-test was used. Result shows that the urban cricket players are more interested and have a more positive attitude as compared to rural cricket players which belongs to the age group 16 to 18 years and 18 to 20 years. . But both rural and urban cricket players exhibit comparable attitude and interest towards cricket which belongs to age group of 20 to 22 years. On the other hand, there is no significant difference was found regarding attitude and interest of rural and urban cricket players towards cricket which belongs to the age group of 22 to 24 years.

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Haryana is a state in Northwest India between 27037’ to 30055’ latitude and between 74028’ to 77036’ longitude and with an altitude between 700 to 3600 ft above sea level. Haryana was carved out of the Indian state of Punjab on 1st Nov. 1966. The total area of the state is 44,212 sq. km. It is bounded by U.P in the east, Punjab in the west, Himachal Pradesh in the north and Rajasthan in the south. The state is divided into four divisions for administrative purpose – Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon and Hissar. There are 19 districts, 47 sub-divisions, 67 tehsils, 45 sub-tehsils and 116 blocks. Haryana has a total of 81 cities and town and 6759 villages. As compared to All India average of literacy rate of 65.38% Haryana’s literacy rate is 68.59%. With just 1.37% of the total geographical area and 2.1% of India’s population. Though the state has made significant progress in reducing illiteracy rates yet there are large regional variations in the state as per 2001 census.

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In 1916 John Dewey wrote another powerful book which was written within the framework of how education was to fulfill the needs of society. The book entitled Democracy and Education defined democracy as a way of defining culture. Dewey viewed democracy as a way of government that allows for the members of society to enjoy freedom in a well organized civilization. He refers to the countries that do not use technology and mass elections to govern themselves as "savage". According to Michael Boucher’s research in the Capstone Project, this book was written in a time that World War I was underway and was promised to end all wars. Child labor laws were creating unprecedented need for schools in urban areas where there previously had been no need, and these children were in school to learn the new skills for a new non-agrarian society (1998). The events of the world at the time certainly influenced Dewey’s work and helped to fuel his philosophies. Dewey theorized that societies that are more “complex” needed more complex systems to transmit the culture to the young. This transmission takes place through "communication" which comes through the social interaction between children and adults. Education was defined by these social interactions; this transmission of culture. Dewey again associates the existence of society as a living and growing entity in his statement: “Society exists through a process of transmission quite as much as biological life. The transmission occurs by means of ideals, hopes, expectations, standards, and opinions from those members of society who are passing out of the group to those who are coming into it. Without this, social life could not survive”. In his analysis, Boucher feels that Democracy and Education was above all a treatise on the purpose of teaching and it challenged teachers to work on specific areas of knowledge and become scholars in those fields. Dewey felt that teaching critical thinking skills was a far better utilization of education versus memorization of rote knowledge. “He challenged teachers to think and reflect on why they do things and to look at math, science, geography, and art as ways of learning to learn” (1998). Dewey’s commitment to democratic education practices at the Dewey School was evidence of these philosophical beliefs. This school was a community of learners. Dewey was not only concerned with developing the minds of students, but also that of teacher's.

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This paper discusses the design and development of a multimedia case-based environment, called PARENTS, for use in preserves science teacher education. PARENTS is being developed as one of the various products that will be used to communicate the knowledge, which is currently being generated by the “Ecologies of Parental Engagement”, the parental engagement in high poverty, urban elementary schools that are active in implementing reform-based science education - to a diverse audience: preserves teachers, school actors, practitioners and researchers, through an interactive multimedia environment. In the following sections we provide an outline of why and how such an environment was developed along with the rationale and principles that guided its design.

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The traditions of creativity, conservation and innovation exist in various developing countries alongside the continuation of obsolete or inefficient technologies and resource use practices. At any point of time, one would notice certain resource use practices continuing in almost the same form with very little change for more than a millennium, few hundred years or few decades. However, such a situation coexists simultaneously with the spurts of contemporary creativity using traditional biological and genetic resources. This creativity manifests in the traditional ways of using an existing resource with a new purpose in mind or in a modern way (that is using modern techniques or tools) for meeting a contemporary need. There has been a widespread concern that erosion of traditional knowledge is as serious a problem as erosion of biological and genetic diversity. While there are many reasons for this erosion such as expanding physical and urban infrastructure, increasing incorporation in market economies, weakening link between grandparent and grand children generation, higher emigration of youth from rural areas, faster diffusion of modem crop varieties (largely developed by public sector for public domain use during green revolution), diffusion of few biological species under monoculture in forests, fisheries, and other sectors, and reduced control of local communities on their own resources. Indifference of public policy makers in various countries towards the positive aspects of certain Traditional Knowledge Systems (TKS) including community institutions for conservation, exchange and augmentation of biological diversity have also contributed to this erosion. It is ironic that many countries complain about unfair treatment of TK and genetic resources in the international markets (and rightly so) but take very few steps to stop similar exploitation in domestic markets. In addition to these factors one factor, which contributes significantly, though not entirely is the lack of adequate mix of incentives for conservation of biological genetic resources and their sustainable utilization and augmentation. These incentives could be material or non-material, targeted at individual, groups or communities. It is my submission that a portfolio of incentives will need to be evolved, suited to specific situations and conditions.

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Bangladesh faces the constant challenges of rampant poverty, high population density, and increasing population rate. Poor people are arsenic contaminated and urban people are mostly exposed to the polluted air, recurring natural disasters and a dwindling natural resource base. It is one of the poorest country of the developing world, with a low resource base, a very low land-man ratio, and is threatened by both natural hazards and overexploitation. However this resource base is under see threat and environmental planning is necessary to signal any hope for survival with dignity and sustainability. Therefore, Bangladeshi people need awareness, protection and education of the environment. Moreover, in order to maintain a modern, scientific and effective education system including environmental education, Bangladesh Government attaches highest priority to the improvement of education sector. The environmental education is largely taught in the country at all levels but which lack in the higher education. Recently there is in fact a new discourse to include environmental education in the higher education policy. With this objective, the Government of Bangladesh had establish several Education Commissions and Committees since the independence of the country. So it is necessary to consider that a well-arranged framework for a historical analysis is important in respect of environmental education in higher studies up to current situation.

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As the Platonic philosophy of mathematics is increasingly being questioned, computer technology is able to approach Platonic perfection in limited domains. This paper argues for a mathematical philosophy that is both objective and creative. It is objective in that it limits the domain of mathematics to questions that are logically determined by a recursively enumerable sequence of events. This includes the arithmetical and hyperarithmetical hierarchies but excludes questions like the Continuum Hypothesis. This philosophy is creative in recognizing that Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem implies one can only fully explore this mathematics by considering an ever increasing number of incompatible possibilities without deciding which is correct. This is how biological evolution created the mathematically capable human mind.

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The core objective of this research statement is to uncover the decisive troubles, faced by the teachers while working in institutions and find the ways how institutions make our teachers loyal with their institutes. The purpose of this research is to elaborate the key factors which are useful for the satisfaction of the teachers i.e. workplace environment, reward and recognition, training and development and team work. These factors help to make the policies effective and through this effectiveness, efficiency takes place in the management process. This research paper is based on theoretical considerations, a replica was proposed linking the teacher job satisfaction (TJS) constructs. The survey was conducted in 2012 and covered 200 teachers within the territory of Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh. Through this survey we find a strong positive relationship between team work and all other factors.

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This study was designed to examine how self-efficacy, motivation and academic performance interact among students enrolled in an introductory marketing course in a private university of U.P. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire from the students. Empirical results reveal that there are statistically positive correlations between self-efficacy and performance (r = .289), self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation (r=. 490), self-efficacy and extrinsic motivation (.297), intrinsic motivation and performance (.327), and extrinsic motivation and performance (.251). Consistent with our expectations, students high in self-efficacy and motivation performed better than those low in self-efficacy and motivation. Implications and recommendations for further studies based on findings are discussed.

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Women who are said to be half of the world's population have grown up in our country to lead a traditionally marginalized life. In the present time, women are seen crossing the margins through discourse in various discourses. Searching for the answer to the question of her identity and existence, she is trying from the corridors to the top. But these few women, in search of freedom from the bondage of patriarchal society, have confined themselves to themselves, i.e. they did not pay attention to the women of the marginalized society. As a result of which Dalit women's writings emerged due to neglect of Dalit discourse. A part of the women society remains neglected till now. Is the tribal woman, who is said to be entitled to the same thing as men, free from the question of her identity and existence? The word liberation is very easy to say but only ashes know the pain of burning. It is true that tribal women used to work side by side with the men of their society. With the infiltration of brightly deaf civilized society, the rights of tribal women were also snatched away. Tribal woman is exploited from mainstream society due to current marketism and on the other hand she is exploited in her own society because of being a woman. This research paper is a humble brief attempt to study the suffering of tribal women from the cause of their patriarchal society.

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Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines is best read as a novel that interrogates a political consciousness baptised in the crucible of national divides. This theme resonates with concerns and orientations linked with emergence of a New World situation brought about by a transformation within the capitalist world economy. The trans-nationalisation of the forces of production and the widening cosmopolitan scope of the market are rapidly pushing the world beyond familiar national dimensions. As the capital flows across the continent more freely than ever before and with a ferocious velocity hitherto never witnessed, the surface of the earth seems to be shrinking. A global village that claims to bypass even eclipse the national state is forging its way into prominence as the nation seems to have become too small to contain within itself the global sweep of modern life. This research paper is a modest attempt to see how in his novel The Shadow Lines Amitav Ghosh attempts to create an image of global inclusiveness in which various cultures intermingle with one another to create a single unified global picture. It will also take into account how The Shadow Lines has moved a long way from the totalising narrative of homogenised community as discernible in Raja Rao’s Kanthapura and its ilk.

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It is the important duty of the creator to describe in his work such a way for the salvation of the human being, which will benefit the individual and the country. Since the infancy of literature-writing, the creators have discharged the social responsibility of literature with the responsibility of their responsible writing work. Socially appropriate-inappropriate, necessary-unnecessary and culturally its usefulness in the writings done so far has been remembered. If we look at the Sanskrit literature from this point of view, then it will be known that from the Vedas till today, how can a person be made the best from the social point of view? This has been described over and over again and in a variety of mediums and styles. Modern writers are also discharging this tradition with full responsibility.

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When India initiated IMF induced stabilization Policies and World Bank induced Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) in late 1980's and early 1990's, reforms were not explicitly directed to agriculture and the focus was on industry, finance and openness of the economy. However, the impact was more visible from the completion of the second phases of reforms covering financial sector, public organisations and protection of Intellectual Property and labour regulations.1 Primarily the Indian Seed markets are allowed to import seeds with New Policy on Seed Development (NPSD) in 1988 with a view to provide best planting material available abroad to Indian farmers. This is followed by gradual and steady decontrolling of fertilizer prices from 1991 onwards. These are considered as adhoc measures in process of liberalization. One of the significant steps in this direction is signing of GATT (General Agreement in Trade and Tariffs), a multilateral agreement signed by India in 1994 and formally accepted to liberate agricultural trade under the Agreement on Agriculture (AOA). The drive towards agricultural liberalization continued in India under the aegis of WTO with the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) coming into force from 1st January 1995. The new shift emphasizes on agricultural growth, export oriented farming, value addition in agriculture, consolidation of landholdings by changing the lease structures and investment of corporate capital in Agriculture. A summary of the important reforms in agricultural sector is as follows: (which can be understood under three main categories i.e., Trade Liberalisation, Input Market Liberalisation and Liberalising subsidies).

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Sree Narayana Guru, a luminary among India's visionaries, left an indelible mark on Kerala's social fabric through his transformative philosophy and actions. From challenging caste-based discrimination to advocating for education and societal unity, Guru's teachings continue to resonate in modern times. This article explores Guru's life, his contributions to social reform, and his timeless message of unity and equality, emphasizing its relevance in addressing contemporary challenges. Through his pragmatic approach and unwavering commitment to humanist ideals, Guru's legacy serves as a beacon of inspiration for fostering societal harmony and progress.

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Nowadays, women have started working alongside men in all fields to achieve financial independence, making efforts to live without depending on anyone. When a woman is educated, the family prospers. When families prosper, villages improve. When villages improve, the nation develops. Only when the nation develops can the world progress, leading to the growth of humanity. Recognizing this, the government initiated measures such as administrative mechanisms and self-help savings groups, planting the seeds for women empowerment. However, female literacy is not entirely promising. Many children remain illiterate, and with population growth, their numbers continue to rise every year. In Kashmir, the literacy rate is at 90%.

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A Poetic genicous who embarked upon nature, culture, Social disharmony and economic upheaval as subjective Considerations and rose to bid the highest literary award of the Country, the Jnanpeet award, is professor C. Narayana Reddy (Popularly Known as Cenare). These expressions made a long-lasting impression on many a scholar and layman with a Parallel vigour and vitality that carries the Social and Cultural Value orientation. The popular Poet C. Narayana Reddy (Cenare) made an indelible mark on the history of vernacular literatures in India with his everlasting magnum opus, “Vishwambhara”. This paper analyses both the substantive and procedural notations of the poet’s vivid works to establish the multidimensional scholarship of the Poet.

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This paper critically examines the concepts of nation and nationality in Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines within the framework of postcolonial theory. It explores the constructed nature of nationalism, as argued by theorists such as Ernest Renan and Benedict Anderson, and how Ghosh’s narrative challenges these conventional notions. By analyzing the novel’s fragmented structure, interwoven timelines, and the experiences of Tha’mma and Tridib, this study underscores the illusory and often violent consequences of national boundaries. The paper also interrogates the socio-political implications of partition, arguing that Ghosh deconstructs the traditional understanding of nationhood as a stable and homogenous entity.