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Teaching of writing is important since, not only does it provide students with academic English capabilities, but it also prepares them for life in an interconnected world that requires them to write for different purposes and to use different genres (i.e., expository, descriptive, narrative, and persuasive). This research aims to review some of the recent studies on teaching writing skills in different academic and ESP settings. The remainder of this section highlights the writing difficulties which are faced by Arab students. Section 2 explores what is meant by writing. Section 3 touches upon the writing processes. Section 4 reviews some of the recent research publications on the methods and approaches to teaching writing skills. Section 5 concludes this research with a summary.

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This paper focused on both idioms and collocations as well as the differences and similarities between them. The main aim of this paper was to survey totally different linguistic attitudes towards these phenomena and their categorizations , showing the definition, importance, characteristics, types of collocations and idioms as well as the similarities and differences between them. The term idiom simply was that an expression that functions as one unit and whose meaning cannot be found out from its separate components. On the other hand, collocation was referred to as a set of words that regularly seem within the same context. This paper is composed of three sections. Section one sheds light on the concept of idioms in general and outlines its own syntactic & semantic overview of its different types, characteristics and the importance behind learning. Section two tackles the concept of collocation as far as its types, degrees and characteristics are concerned, and the benefit of learning and teaching collocations .Section three overviews the differences and similarities between Idioms and Collocations, and draws a comparison between them. Finally, the paper is rounded off with some concluding remarks. This study found that idioms differ from literal meaning, and the connotative meaning. They reflected the culture of the society. While collocation was to enhance the meaning as well as the talking to help us memorize and enrich our mental dictionaries.

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This study tries to find out the relationship between self-regulation and academic engagement of Iraqi EFL students. The sample consists of preparatory school female and male students. It is a descriptive study. The instruments used to collect the data are questionnaires of English learning self-regulation and academic engagement. After statistical procedures, The result shows that self- regulation and academic - engagement for preparatory students is low. This proves a correlation between the two variables. Strong correlation is only for females than males.

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In few years, the Iraqi economy was exposed to two double economic crises, the first was in 2015- 2016, and the second one was the Corona crisis in 2020, so it was necessary to bypass these crises to be coordination between the fiscal and monetary policies in order for the economy to overcome the state of stagnation.

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The Arabian Gulf region is a region of vital interests at the regional and global levels and forms the basis of the contemporary Arab regional system. The foreign policy of any of the Arab Gulf states is particularly important in the regional balance of power. The security of the Gulf region can never be isolated from Iraq's national security and vice versa, especially since Iraq is part of it. The stability or instability of the situation in the Arab Gulf region has been influential on the political, economic and security situation in Iraq. Iraq has been and continues to be the focus of regional challenges in the Gulf region, with the effects of internal conflicts that have affected its regional environment.

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The paper examines the inaugural speech of the new American President Joe Biden. It depends on two frameworks: Critical discourse analysis and political discourse analysis employing Fairclough’s (1995) and Hallidy’s (1976) systematic functional grammar to analyze an inaugural speech of the American president. It has been found in this paper that the language used by the president is simple sentences compounded with expressive speech acts including unity, love, hope, challenge and promises. In addition, his speech seems to involve fewer adjectives and more models.

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In view of the constant changes and development that the world is witnessing in various aspects of life, it has become necessary for the education system to adapt with that development to create a generation with high levels of competence in life skills. Since the school aims to prepare the student and not relying on providing him with knowledge only, but rather teaching him how to deal with others and with the society in which he lives, and achieving this requires continuous change of curricula and providing them with all that is new of knowledge. Therefore, the current study aims at investigating the effectiveness of Iraqi EFL textbook English for Iraq in developing Iraqi students life skills. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher conducted a questionnaire as the instrument of the research to measure the extent to which English for Iraq" textbook can develop and enhance students life skills. The questionnaire is divided into five categories based on the type of the life skills the textbook is supposedly help to develop, and these categories are: communication/linguistic life skill, personal/social life skill, leadership life skill, critical thinking life skill and decision making/problem solving life skill. The subject of the study is limited to students in the ninth grade in Maysan intermediate schools along with the teachers who teach using English for Iraq" textbook as their main reference. After gathering the data from the questionnaire, a statistical analysis has been conducted using percentage and frequencies to determine the extant to which each category is effected and developed. The results from the questionnaire evidently showed that the textbook English for Iraq can be used effectively to develop and enhance some types of life skills but not all of them. The results also reveals that the most life skill that EFL textbook appears to help to develop is the personal and social life skills such as (53.33%) of the participants agreed that it can help in developing students personal identity, also (66.66%) of them agreed that it raise students awareness of respecting the social and cultural laws and values of the society.

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The history of racism in America traced back to the discovery of the New Continent by Columbus. The slave trade started and black men were taken and deported obligatory to America as slaves used for the sake of servitude for the colonizers. They lived in misery and suffer from slow starvation. They were granted as commodities for White Americans only. The black had no rights and they were expected to work all the day disregarding their physical ability or their healthy status. They remained so until the outbreak of the civil war that extended from 1861 to 1865, between the South and the North. The northerners won the war. Only then Black slavery ended in America. Despite the fact that Slavery was abolished in the 1860s, its negative traces continued. The black as any colonized remained incapable of assimilating themselves into the White Superior American Culture, especially in the South.

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Language aptitude generally refers to a specific talent for learning a foreign or second language. In addition, it is argued that issues of domain-specificity versus domain generality for aptitude tests may lead to aptitude theory and research becoming more central in applied linguistics.

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This study aims to investigate the impact of activating oracy skills on developing students overall language proficiency. The study design is an experimental which consists of pretest-posttest to collect the data of interest. Accordingly, sixty students of a preparatory school were selected to represent the sample of the study. This sample was divided into two groups: an experimental and a control group, each with thirty students. Instructions on activating oracy skills were done on the experimental group only. The control group was taught conventionally. The collected data from pretest-posttest were analysed by using some statistical tools. The study findings show that activating oracy skills leads to a development of students overall language proficiency, and the process of language learning/teaching has several dimensions which cannot be separated as they complete each other.

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The present research deals with bullying. It is a form of aggression that is damaging psychologically or physically for the victim, and where the strength of the aggressor and the victim is unequal. 450 teachers and pupils working in primary and secondary schools in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad- Al-Karkh /2 who had attended in the survey during the academic year 2021-2022 were the research subject. Data were collected through a questionnaire that consisted of five items. The responses were analyzed by using the proper statistics. The research findings indicate that focuses on School bullying which is a serious psychosocial and educational problem for students and teachers alike. A number of theories are discussed in addition to the reasons and finally, a number of solutions are suggested.

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The issue of protecting the security of witnesses and informants is one of the new topics in criminal legislation. This is after countries realized the fact that protecting these people is one of the basic mechanisms in combating serious crimes and corruption crimes in particular . Testimony and experience are considered important means of proof in the Iraqi Procedures Law, which allows proving the occurrence of crimes and attributing them to the perpetrators, leading to their conviction. Since the perpetrators of serious crimes are usually violent and very dangerous, witnesses, experts and victims in these cases may often be subjected to various types of pressure from the perpetrators, whether by threats or intimidation, in order to influence them and make them refrain from giving their statements and assisting justice Or change their statements to deny the charges against the perpetrators of these crimes. Through our research, we reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which was that the witness had several obligations, including the obligation to attend, the commitment to the oath and his obligation to perform the testimony, and then a commitment to tell the truth about the reality of the subject of the testimony.

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This study intends to look into the activities instructors use in the classroom to teach literature. Three models for teaching literature were added into the study in order to deepen the use of activities in the classroom. They are six activities in the teaching of literature were listed as indicators investigated during the study; language based, paraphrastic, information-based, personal response, moral-philosophical, and stylistic. An emphasizing the teaching of literature, the classroom activities used were mostly concentrated on the technical aspects of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Through observing the classroom, it was revealed that teachers employed more Language-Based activity, Moral-Philosophical activity, and Information-Based activity. While the most employed activities in the teaching were, Moral-Philosophical Activities, Paraphrastic- Activities, and Stylistic- Activities. encouraging activities in the classroom instruction of literary are essential to ensuring students' language acquisition All of these will help students grow into whole individuals with rounded minds who are creative and socially useful.

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Scientifically, learning becomes effective if the learners are actively involved in the learning process. The current study was conducted to investigate the factors that affect EFL secondary students' interaction in language classroom activities. Moreover, it investigated the effect of psychological motivation on EFL learners' participation in language classroom activities. Also, this study stressed the importance of giving EFL secondary school students more opportunities to interact in the classroom language activities.

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In the era of crises, the media has become the most important tool for managing wars and political disputes between countries, and the media is one of the most important soft power tools, keeping pace with technological media developments. We live in the era of the abundance of media production and the diversity of its means, where the media have the ability to consolidate the general foundations of societies. In fact, digital means of communication and new media represent a great danger, and the impact of that danger is evident when the media are subject to control, monopoly, control and direction by those who control these means, which makes them express their interests and interests only.

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The main goal of this paper is to discuss the concept of love and revenge in Emily Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights, as well as to learn how some aspects of her life are reflected in her novel, as she created a motherless character because she lost her mother to cancer when she was three years old. Many critics regarded her novel as a novel of vengeance because so many factors influenced and shaped her life. The paper includes three sections. The first of them deals with Emily Bronte's life and a glimpse at her major works. The second section is allotted to afford on a summary of the novel Wuthering Heights. Moreover, section three sheds light on the concept of love and revenge and examples of in Emily Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights. The paper ends with a conclusion that sums up the findings of the study, followed by a list of references and cited works.

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The aim of this research is to find out problems encountered by students who learn English as a foreign language and how they cope with the problems. The role of English around the world as the most widely used language has shown its charm for students who wish to continue their education in higher level. In many countries jobs require English as a basic skill and it becomes the main language to be used in society at large for example, business, politics, education and the media and in certain field such as medicine, banking, tourism, diplomacy and the language of computing and in order to compete and survive in the world of work globally, graduate university needs to require and master English as their basic competency. However, eagerness to master English is not simple since learning a new language which is totally different with the first language is not an easy task to do. Indeed, it is a long and complex process which needs patient throughout the learning process. It is due to the fact that a learner needs to pay attention to every single aspect of the new language such as grammar and culture.

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Research Problem: God Almighty has legislated marriage for man, as he is the expert in the secrets of the soul and the instincts, inclinations, emotions and desires that have been deposited in it. The Almighty says: (And among His signs is that He created for you from yourselves spouses to find repose in them, and He made between you affection and mercy. Indeed, there are signs in that for people who reflect. (Al-Rum: 21), Islam has given attention and care to the family (legislation, regulation and direction), and laid the rules of family building, defining its goals and drawing a platform for family emotional interactions between the two pillars of this building (husband and wife) and because the family represents the first educational media that embraces the child to gain the basics of life Knowing his rights and duties, and from them he acquires feelings of intimacy and human brotherhood, as social construction depends on family construction, and when the family structure is disrupted, the structure of society is disrupted, and then the community has not succeeded in achieving its goals in creating the personality of its members, and has not achieved its proper development goals, so the interactions The pillars of the family reflect positively or negatively on the family structure, especially the compatibility relations between parents, which are reflected in the methods of social and moral upbringing of the children, which in turn will affect the personality of the family members. And then on the movement of society and its development strategies (Hadi, 2010: 4) Marriage is considered the most important social bond and a life and social system for organizing human life, and its essence is the emotional exchange between spouses, which should be a psychological organization that has the character of permanence and stability, and despite what I have reached Studies and research from results such as the study (Hadi, 2010), (Al-Obaidi and Al-Abbasi, 2010) and the study (Hadi, 2012), but its diagnosis and treatment of the problem of emotional divorce is insufficient, as there are great difficulties in knowing the causes of emotional divorce, and arriving at an accurate diagnosis. It, and then finding comprehensive programs to teach married couples the art of learning the skill of family relationship to elevate marital and family life to a sound psychological maturity that includes improvement and progress, and not just change (Al-Majali, 2000: 137). The president who destroyed the previous nations and peoples, namely discord and division, and the wisdom in that is that God - the Almighty - wanted the nation of Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, to draw the lesson from this scourge so that it does not fall into it, the Almighty said: (And hold fast to the rope of God all together And do not separate) (Al Imran: 103), in this verse, the Lord of the worlds commanded his Muslim servants to adhere to the community, one of its manifestations is marriage, and he forbade them from separation and one of its manifestations is divorce (Hadi, 2010: 12). Weakness of the relationship between spouses to its lowest level, and the emotional atmosphere between them is cold and devoid of affection, love and sharing, which negatively affects them in particular and the children in general. And society from being lost, and the researcher felt the problem of her research among the employees of Al-Mustansiriya University by virtue of her contact with them. And their resort to it to help them reach a solution to their personal problems, which prompted her to study this problem.

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Using visual cues like images, arrows, and color can make it easier to obtain knowledge and retrieve it. Young pupils require a single location to store their mind maps and the ability to recall information. Through this study, the researcher discovered that teaching primary students how to make their own, vibrant, and engaging mind maps can help them remember and recall vocabulary for a longer amount of time. On the other hand, using the mapping of the mind to teach and learn is a joyful and interesting method that encourages students to learn new things, keep learning, and apply new language on a regular basis while also picking their curiosity. Additionally, one of the simplest ways to control, manage, and increase vocabulary retention is through drawing abilities. Four sections will make up this research. The first section provides an overview of teaching EFL vocabulary through mind mapping, along with information on its significance for teaching and learning, goals, and plans. The second part discusses earlier research, papers, and sources on teaching EFL vocabulary with mind maps. The third section addresses several methods and plans of action. The advantages and downsides are covered in the fourth section. To sum up the research, conclude it and review the results