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This research investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated cartoon images in the dissemination of hate speech on Facebook. These images, often humorous, satirical, or stylised, are no longer limited to entertainment or political commentary but have increasingly become a channel for coded hate speech. This study is based on 125 AI-generated cartoon images collected from Facebook users’ profiles between January 2022 and December 2024, using and Android phone and a computer. The study employed multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) to examine the data, focusing on both linguistic and visual dimensions. All the samples analysed contained these two elements. A qualitative method was used to explore how different modes (text and image) interact to construct meaning in a structured and functional way. The findings reveal several themes, including; linguistic patterns of selective justice and political victimhood; political cartoons with subtle or coded language; satirical cartoons reflecting age, power, culture, and humour; AI-cartoon images addressing power, legacy, and foreign influence in Cameroonian politics; the theatrics of development and leadership. These results provide insight into the themes, patterns, and impacts of AI-generated cartoons in the spread of hate speech on social media.

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Public health in the 21st century is characterized by intersecting challenges, including the growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), climate-related health impacts, antimicrobial resistance, and the resurgence of infectious diseases. Amidst these concerns, traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda are gaining renewed attention for their emphasis on prevention, lifestyle management, and ecological balance. This review explores how key Ayurvedic principles—including Swasthavritta (healthy living), Rasayana (rejuvenative therapy), and Janapadodhwansa (classical epidemic theory)—offer valuable perspectives in the context of global public health policy. Drawing from classical texts and recent literature, the paper examines Ayurveda’s alignment with contemporary goals such as immunological resilience, psychosomatic health, and climate-responsive disease prevention. Ayurvedic formulations and lifestyle practices have demonstrated potential in supporting immunity (Vyadhikshamatva) and community-level wellness, particularly during pandemic scenarios. However, practical integration remains limited due to gaps in scientific validation, lack of standardization, and challenges in aligning traditional concepts with modern health systems. The review highlights the need for collaborative research, policy reform, and culturally sensitive strategies to bridge these gaps. If approached thoughtfully, Ayurveda can serve not as an alternative, but as a complementary model that enriches global health discourse with preventive, person-centered, and environmentally aware approaches.

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Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in the evaluation of pediatric brain disorders due to its superior soft tissue contrast and non-ionizing nature. In clinical practice, most routine examinations are performed at 1.5 Tesla, which is widely available and considered the standard field strength across many institutions. However, achieving optimal image quality in pediatric brain MRI at 1.5T presents unique challenges compared to adult imaging.

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This study pragmatically examines the conversation that employs the forceful speech in the context of the tense correlation between former US President Mr· Trump and Ukrainian President Mr· Zelensky, implementing a practical tactic to the argument· This research determines how language is utilized as a defense for power proclamation, face-threatening acts, and diplomatic aggression for it appeals on innovative thoughts in speech act theory, politeness theory, and impoliteness theory· By performing a few chosen utterances and discourse techniques thorough pragmatic scrutiny used during the controversial conference and its aftermath, the investigation will demonstrate the rhetoric's hidden goals, contextual cues, and societal complications· As such, the aim of this study is to shed light on the tactics in which strategically pragmatic procedures are engaged to oppose, provoke, or manipulate interlocutors in high-stakes administrative communication· The study accomplishes by lecturing the use of language of derogatory in political discourse and its influence on public opinion and international diplomatic relations·

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Like many other Iraqi cities, Al-Amara faces intertwined challenges and opportunities in the context of urbanization and the pursuit of an improved quality of life. This study examines the policies implemented in the city alongside the lived realities of its residents, focusing on urban, economic, and social dimensions. The urban sector has experienced rapid growth driven by population increase and migration to metropolitan areas. This expansion necessitates effective urban planning to manage spatial growth, address the needs of residents, and maintain a balance between development and the preservation of environmental and natural resources.

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Amid growing concerns about academic stress in higher education, particularly in conflict-affected regions, this research explores how AI-driven Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) tools can support emotional well-being· Centered on the experiences of college students in Iraq, the study examines the effectiveness of targeted emotional AI interventions specifically through platforms like Woebot, Replika, and MindDoc in alleviating exam-related anxiety and enhancing psychological resilience· · With the increasing prevalence of exam-related stress among students in Iraq, the integration of AI in educational settings offers a promising avenue for mental health support· The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, employing both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods· A sample of 300 undergraduate students from three major institutions – the University of Baghdad, Al-Mustansiriyah University, and the University of Basrah – were selected for the study· Participants engaged in AI-facilitated SEL programs over a six-week period, with pre- and post-intervention assessments conducted using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and semi-structured interviews· Data analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in exam-related anxiety levels among participants, particularly those using Woebot and MindDoc, suggesting that AI-driven SEL tools can effectively mitigate academic stress when tailored to the socio-cultural context of Iraqi students· The findings underscore the potential for integrating AI-based emotional interventions in higher education to foster psychological resilience, reduce anxiety, and enhance overall student well-being· Further research is recommended to explore long-term effects and the scalability of such interventions across diverse educational settings in Iraq·

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Language serves as a powerful medium not only for expressing thoughts and emotions but also for performing actions that shape human interaction. This paper provides a pragmatic investigation of three directive speech acts in English—command, advice, and warning—with the aim of identifying their similarities, differences, and communicative functions. Drawing on Austin’s and Searle’s speech act theory, the research explores felicity conditions, pragmatic strategies, and contextual factors that govern the effectiveness of these acts. A comparative qualitative approach was employed to analyze how speakers use commands to enforce authority, advice to guide behavior, and warnings to prevent harm. The findings reveal that while all three acts share the directive function of influencing the hearer, they differ in terms of authority, degree of obligation, tone, and expected response. Commands are authoritative and binding, advice is persuasive and optional, and warnings are preventive and cautionary. The paper highlights the relationship between language, power, and social roles, showing how context and intention shape the illocutionary force of utterances. By clarifying the pragmatic mechanisms underlying these acts, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how language functions as a tool of persuasion, regulation, and protection in both academic and everyday communication.

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This research aims to study the impact of rainfall extremism trends on wheat and barley crops in Maysan Governorate during the period from 1993 to 2023. The climatic data related to the recorded rainfall amounts at the Amarah Meteorological Station during the mentioned period were analyzed. Wheat and barley are considered fundamental and strategic field crops due to their nutritional and economic importance. They play a significant role in local food security and have a greater ability to adapt to different climatic conditions compared to other crops.

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Politeness is a way that is socially correct and shows understanding of and care for other people’s feelings. In this study, the researcher proposes a goal of politeness is to refrain from behaving in an offensive way so as not to offend others and make all persons feel relaxed and comfortable with one another, these culturally defined standards at times may be manipulated. The study is expected to be helpful in serving some more knowledge about polite utterances. The result of this study is expected to be a framework for further study which gone to analyze about politeness, especially according Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness.

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Ghassan Kanafani’s Men in the Sun is considered a foundational text in modern Palestinian and Arab literature, where themes of identity, exile, and alienation intersect with advanced narrative techniques. This study focuses on temporal overlapping as an artistic and aesthetic device for reshaping the narrative trajectory and examining its direct impact on plot construction. The novel does not rely on a linear sequence of events; rather, it employs temporal shifts (flashback and flashforward) to generate dramatic tension, deepen the psychological structure of the characters, and highlight the weight of the past over the present. The research aims to deconstruct the narrative mechanisms through which time becomes a structural element that transcends the function of recording events, turning instead into a complex network of signs and meanings. It also investigates the relationship between temporal overlapping and existential alienation, as time emerges as a pressing force that thwarts the characters’ attempts to overcome their historical and political predicament. Through critical comparative textual analysis, the study reveals that the plot in Men in the Sun is not merely a sequence of tragic events but a complex structure nourished by the dialectic of past/present and life/death. The significance of this perspective lies in offering a reading of the novel beyond its immediate political dimension, exposing its artistic and technical depth. The findings are expected to show that temporal overlapping contributes to creating a closed circular plot symbolizing the blocked horizon before the Palestinian at that time, demonstrating that narrative technique is not only an aesthetic tool but also an intellectual means of producing meaning.

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This paper provides an analytical reading of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, exploring the novel’s central themes of invisibility, identity, race, and social exclusion in mid-twentieth-century America. The study situates Ellison’s work within the context of African American literary tradition and modernist aesthetics, highlighting how his background in music and folklore shaped the novel’s symbolic structure and narrative style. Through the struggles of an unnamed narrator, Ellison examines the intersections of racism, blindness, and individuality, emphasizing the tension between personal freedom and societal constraints. The analysis underscores how Invisible Man remains a seminal text in American literature, not only for its profound social commentary but also for its universal exploration of human identity and the search for visibility within an oppressive society.

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The current study examines the poetry) free verse (of African American Amanda Gorman in the light of the African diaspora concept, with a focus on themes of migration, African American identity, and cultural interactions. Additionally, the chosen poems discussed poets who resided in or outside of Africa, their native continent. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it sheds light on an axis that has been ignored in criticism of Gorman's poems —specifically, the axis of the African diaspora—rather than just feminism and marginalization. The purpose of this research is to emphasize the value and impact of leaving one environment to live in another, which takes adaptability, patience, and fortitude to finish the journey of life while remembering the roots of the mother environment. The study uses the qualitative and analytical approach to examine how Gorman's selected poems interact with communal trauma, social divides, and the ongoing consequences of systematic racism while encouraging optimism and unity. According to the study's findings, the current article estimates that Gorman is a well-received poet of the African diaspora, not just of marginalization, feminism, and race as studied before.

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The rise of online news consumption has led to an increased reliance on headlines to capture audience attention and convey information efficiently. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis regarding the rhetoric employed in online newspaper headlines, particularly comparing Western and Eastern media sources. Understanding how different cultures and contexts shape headline rhetoric is crucial for discerning underlying biases, agenda-setting, and socio-political influence. This study aims to conduct a discourse analysis of online newspaper headlines of BBC.com, CCTV.com, CNN.com, Al-Jazeera.com, France24.com, and Iran Press.com from Western and Eastern media outlets, utilizing an eclectic model combining Olowe (1993), Van Dijk (2000), and Van Dijk (2013) frameworks. By examining linguistic and rhetorical strategies, the aim is to uncover patterns, differences, and potential socio-cultural influences in the presentation of news through headlines. It is also hypothesized that both Western and Eastern headlines will exhibit subtle forms of bias and agenda-setting, influenced by socio-political factors specific to each region. As a result of this study, western newspaper headlines tend to employ sensationalist language and individualistic framing, focusing on conflict and immediacy to capture audience attention, eastern newspaper headlines, on the other hand, tend to prioritize contextualization and collectivist values, emphasizing harmony and long-term implications. Both Western and Eastern headlines exhibit forms of bias and agenda-setting, reflecting the socio-political landscape and cultural nuances of each region. The analysis highlights the importance of considering cultural and contextual factors in understanding the rhetoric of online newspaper headlines, suggesting implications for media literacy and cross-cultural communication.

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AI now automates core SAP finance workflows—from journal entry classification and reconciliations to anomaly detection—raising new obligations for evidence, explainability, and control assurance. This paper proposes a risk-based compliance blueprint that operationalizes accountability across the SAP stack. The approach aligns model governance and IT general controls with recognized guidance (e.g., NIST AI RMF “Govern–Map–Measure–Manage” and ISO/IEC 23894 AI risk management), translating them into SAP-specific control objectives for data lineage, model lifecycle management, human-in-the-loop checkpoints, and audit-ready logging.

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Financial fraud is a rapidly escalating threat, fueled by increasingly sophisticated attack vectors and the misuse of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). Attackers now leverage GenAI to craft hyper-realistic phishing campaigns, create synthetic identities, and probe for weaknesses in financial systems. At the same time, defenders face the challenge of detecting rare fraudulent patterns within highly imbalanced, privacy-sensitive datasets. To address this dual challenge, we propose SecureSynth, a comprehensive framework that combines generative AI, adaptive cybersecurity, and privacy-preserving technologies to strengthen fraud detection.

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Literature mirrors real-life situations, stories, issues, history, and even philosophy. One of the most philosophical tackled concepts in literature is "the question of human's existence". Literature and philosophy share many ideas in common, despite their differences. The intellectual movement of the 20th century is Existentialism, which is European philosophy, distinguished by its emphasis on human existence. The pioneers of this philosophy focused on the individual's freedom and choice. Jane Paul Sartre asserts that "Man is free but this freedom makes him responsible for the conditions he has put himself in as a result of his choice. So he becomes what he makes of himself; either he remains a common individual or finds himself a place among the stars." The prevalent theme in almost all literary works is the meaninglessness of life and the sense of loss and despair that every modern individual suffers from. It is a scholarly axiom that the predicament of the modern man is the psychological conflict in the materialistic and mechanical world.

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The study aims to investigate the Mediterranean depression system and its impact on the amount of rainfall in the study area. It focuses on the pressure level of 1000 millibars during the period from 2012 to 2022, specifically analyzing the 1200 GMT weather balances. The research involves examining weather maps at the 1000-millibar level to identify the recurrence and persistence of the Mediterranean depression, which affects the study area from October to the end of May. The highest rates of recurrence and persistence were observed during the winter months, which also corresponded with the highest levels of rainfall, as this season is ideal for the emergence of these depressions. In contrast, the fall season experienced the lowest precipitation levels due to reduced rates of recurrence and persistence of this system, as well as its diminished strength at the beginning of its formation.

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Post-intervention evaluations showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of retention rates and grammatical accuracy (p < 0.05). The music-assisted group showed higher motivation and lower anxiety, according to qualitative data from participant surveys, indicating that music may help with emotional control and cognitive engagement during learning. These results support the use of music in EFL grammar education by being consistent with theories of affective filter hypothesis and cognitive load reduction. However, moderating factors were identified as prior exposure to music-mediated learning and individual variability in musical choice. This study supports the thoughtful use of music as an auxiliary tool in adult EFL classrooms by providing empirical evidence to support the argument for multisensory language pedagogy. Recommendations for further study on genre-specific and culturally sensitive musical applications in language instruction are presented, along with practical implications for curriculum design and restrictions, such as sample size and duration.

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This article asserts that T. S. Eliot's poetry influenced B.S. Al-Sayyab because he used mythological and symbolic motifs in his writing. Instead, Al-Sayyab applied this classical and Anglo-American culture to his country's old mythology. Arabic poetry that addresses everyday concerns and comments on the region's historical context, particularly Iraq, where Al-sayyab was born. In this article, we put the poetry of Al-sayyab in a framework that echoes political and social disorders in Arabic countries instead of just imitating Eliot's methods and subject matter. He incorporated his mythological ideas into the mix of rich and global poetry without compromising his work's native focus. The two poets do not always have a causal relationship, but a relationship between subversion and alteration exists. Al-Sayyab refined and enhanced the tales that Eliot used to generate poetry that was personal and accessible to a wide audience. He infused his poems with myth to make them more interesting and give them a global perspective. Notably, he employed myth as a structural method to compare and contrast present issues with distant and fantastical ones in his poems.

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The study of landform in the study area focused on understand the formation of these features and the extent to which factors and processes control ,the determination of their shapes ,which greatly change the earth's surface as a result of interference and diversity processes with each other and the final appearance landform . the result of these features is a reflection the activity a group climatic processes ,weathering processes ,dynamic and karst processes ,the landforms in the region were classified according to scales ,including large scales ones though their size and the nature of their formation ,such as plateaus ,hills ,fault edges ,and river channels ,and others small scales ,such as bank edges sand dunes and small groups ,whether by relying on topographic maps ,in addition to documenting these features in the field through field studies according to international geosciences survey system (I.T.C).

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This research examines the use of English loanwords in the social media slang of Iraqi youth, with particular attention to how these borrowings function in the negotiation of identity and belonging· Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok have become linguistic laboratories where hybrid forms of Arabic and English flourish· Words and expressions like story, block, comment, like, online, and crush are not merely lexical adoptions but are reshaped into colloquial Iraqi usage (e·g·, “blocka,” “storiyat,” “komentat”)· Drawing on a corpus of 250 social media posts and comments collected from users aged 16–25 in Mosul and Maysan, supplemented by semi-structured interviews, this study analyzes the semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic roles of English borrowings· The findings reveal that Iraqi youth employ these loanwords to index modernity, humor, and group solidarity, while also marking generational boundaries with older, less digitally immersed populations· The research employs Bucholtz and Hall’s (2005) framework of identity construction and Myers-Scotton’s (1993) markedness model to explain how linguistic choice on social media operates as a performance of self and community· Importantly, the study highlights tensions: while some users valorize English borrowings as symbols of cosmopolitanism, others critique them as signs of cultural alienation or superficiality· By situating Iraqi youth’s online slang within broader debates on globalization, language contact, and digital identity, this research contributes to both sociolinguistic theory and the growing field of digital discourse analysis·

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This research aims to explore the use of Katherine Mansfield's "The Doll's House" as a tool for enhancing English language skills for EFL learners. The study delves into how the literary elements of the text, such as characterization, plot, and themes, can be leveraged to improve language proficiency, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation for the English language. The analysis encompasses both linguistic and literary aspects, aiming to highlight the educational benefits of incorporating this short story into language learning curricula.

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The Chapultepec Conference held in Mexico City in 1945 represented a U.S. effort to shape a unified continental system that would secure its interests in the post–World War II era by promoting the principle of American solidarity, collective security, and a liberal economic order serving U.S. trade goals. Meanwhile, Latin American countries sought industrialization and independence from economic dependency. The conference addressed the establishment of a continental peace organization and economic integration, but tensions over tariff protection and the role of the state in the economy revealed significant differences between the U.S. and southern nations. Nevertheless, the conference marked a turning point in inter-American relations and paved the way for the formation of the Organization of American States and a unified approach at the later San Francisco Conference.

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This descriptive study investigates the effectiveness of grammar games in enhancing grammar performance among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students and examines both students’ and teachers’ perceptions of using games as a pedagogical tool· The research was conducted in three secondary schools, with data collected from 50 EFL students and 10 English grammar teachers through structured questionnaires containing both Likert-scale and open-ended items· The student participants ranged in age from 14 to 17 and represented mixed proficiency levels·

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Pratisyaya (rhinitis) is a common respiratory disorder described in Ayurveda, often correlated with allergic or non-specific rhinitis in modern medicine. Classical texts such as the Astanga Hridaya prescribe Dhumapana (medicated smoking) for Kapha–Vata disorders of the head and neck [1]. Cakradatta specifies the Darviyadi Dhumavarti formulation for Kaphaja Pratisyaya [2]. Despite strong textual support, clinical evidence on this therapy is limited.

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In Emily St. John Mandel’s novel “Station Eleven,” technology has a key part in defining the personalities and relationships of the individuals. The protagonists have to traverse a world where technology is no longer easily accessible, forcing them to adapt and rely on alternative talents and values to survive as the globe descends into chaos following a horrific flu outbreak. As characters struggle with the loss of contemporary conveniences and yearn for the relationships and diversions they offered, the book examines how technology has both united and alienated people. Characters are forced to reevaluate their identities and face their own vulnerabilities in the lack of technology since they have to rely solely on their own abilities and resourcefulness to get by in a cruel and merciless environment.Technology also plays a role in shaping the relationships between characters. In a world where physical distance and communication barriers are heightened, characters must rely on more traditional forms of connection, such as face-to-face interactions and tangible acts of kindness. This shift in communication allows characters to form deeper, more meaningful relationships based on genuine human connection rather than fleeting digital interactions.

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Regulated financial institutions today face a dual challenge: the pressure to deliver software faster while proving continuous compliance and resilience. This paper argues that platform engineering, delivered through a product-managed internal developer platform (IDP), offers a practical solution. By creating paved “golden paths” for developers, the IDP combines self-service templates, infrastructure as code, and GitOps workflows so that every change is declared, audited, and reversible. Compliance is not an afterthought but is built into the platform itself, with policies enforced as code at multiple stages—commit, build, deployment, and runtime—while evidence is automatically captured for auditors and supervisors. This reduces the need for repetitive manual checks and gives regulators confidence in traceability. Building on prior evidence that DevOps practices increase both speed and stability, we extend these insights with platform designs suited to financial environments. The architecture integrates standardized service patterns, infrastructure guardrails that enforce segregation of duties and encryption baselines, automated compliance checks to detect drift, and resilience practices driven by service-level objectives, such as failure testing and rapid rollback. Together, these features reduce audit cycle time while improving delivery outcomes such as deployment frequency, lead time, and change success rate. Importantly, the framework aligns with emerging regulations such as the EU’s Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), offering a clear path for institutions to balance innovation with control. The contribution of this paper is a pragmatic, control-aware blueprint that shows how regulated organizations can achieve both speed and assurance through platform engineering.

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Retail forecasting often suffers from sparse observations, intermittent demand, promotion seasonality, and stockout censoring—conditions that degrade the performance of both classical and deep forecasting models. We present a practically oriented framework for data-synthetic augmentation: generating tabular and time-series records that expand and rebalance training data for demand and inventory forecasts while preserving business constraints and privacy. Concretely, we describe a pipeline that (i) models heterogeneous tabular covariates (prices, promos, holidays, item/store attributes) with state-of-the-art generators such as CTGAN and diffusion models for tables; (ii) synthesizes realistic multi-variate time series (sales, on-hand, shipments) using TimeGAN/DoppelGANger with conditioning to respect calendars, promotions, and inventory non-negativity; (iii) trains forecasting targets with global models (e.g., TFT, DeepAR, gradient boosting, Prophet); and (iv) evaluates fidelity, utility, and privacy with a train-on-synthetic, test-on-real (TSTR) protocol, membership-inference audits, and nearest-neighbor distance tests. We outline an experimental design using the M5 retail benchmark and provide governance guidance (differential privacy, risk scoring, and documentation) to operationalize synthetic augmentation safely. While we do not claim synthetic data is inherently private, our framework shows how careful conditioning and formal privacy mechanisms can improve model robustness, reduce cold-start errors, and de-bias rare events—without leaking sensitive records. IDEAS/RePEc+4arXiv+4arXiv+4